Revista Horizontes Sociológicos
La alianza de las grandes democracias del sur. Desafíos de desigualdad
Resumen
La Cumbre del G-20 de 2010 marcó la transición a un nuevo mundo multipolar con la participación de las potencias emergentes del Sur Global. Este artículo explora las nuevas esperanzas de un futuro más equitativo, con un enfoque en la alianza tripartita de la India, Brasil y Sudáfrica (IBSA). En contraste con sus contrapartes BRICS China y Rusia, los países IBSA tienen sistemas políticos democráticos y comparten objetivos principales en sus políticas exteriores, incluida la reforma del Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU. Rechazando modelos deterministas y neoliberales, este artículo presenta una conceptualización más amplia del desarrollo inclusivo y examina las trincheras de desarrollo como construcciones contenciosas. Los legados de desigualdades socio-económicas agudas de los países IBSA se comparan con los registros de desarrollo más recientes y las ambiciones declaradas en los discursos políticos. El artículo utiliza la construcción de escenarios para acentuar las apuestas y las opciones para el desarrollo democrático en esta coyuntura geopolítica crítica.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
PDFReferencias
AI (Amnesty International) (2009) “Failure to Conduct Impartial Investigation into Kennedy Road Violence is leading to Further Human Rights Abuses”. AI: AFR 53/011/2009.
Akpan W (2010) “Unequal Rights? The Promise, Prospects and Contradictions of Rights-based Development,” Congreso Mundial de la AIS, Gotemburgo, Suecia.
Amorim, C (2010) “Let’s Hear from the New Kids on the Block,” New York Times, 14 de junio.
ANC (African National Congress) (1955/2010) Freedom Charter. Kliptown, Sudáfrica: ANC.
ANCOP (Articulação Nacional das Comitês Populares da Copa) (2014) Remoções e Despejos. Rio de Janeiro: ANCOP.
Article 19 (2014) Brazil’s Own Goals: Protests, Police and the World Cup. Londres: Article 19.
Avritzer L (2002) Democracy and the Public Space in Latin America. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Banco Mundial (2011) World Development Indicators. Washington, DC: Banco Mundial.
Banerji D (2009) “Funding Crisis Hits Efforts to Make Banking Services Easy for NREGA Beneficiaries,” The Economic Times, 21 de febrero.
Barlow M (2010) Interviewed by Amy Goodman, Democracy Now, WBAI, 2 de julio.
Burawoy M (2005) “For Public Sociology” (2004 ASA Presidential Address), American Sociological Review 70(1): 4–28.
Cernea MM (1991/1985) Putting People First: Sociological Variables in Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Chakraborty P (2007) “Implementation of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act in India: Spatial Dimensions and Fiscal Implications,” Working Paper 505. Annandale-on-Hudson: Levy Economics Institute.
CHRI (Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative) (2009) Compliance with the Right to Information Act. Nueva Delhi: CHRI: CIDH (Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos de la OEA (1997). Informe sobre la situación de los derechos humanos en Brasil/Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Brazil. Washington, DC: CIDH-OEA.
Escobar A (2009) Territories of Difference: Place, Movements, Life, Redes. Durham: Duke University Press.
Ferguson J (1990) The Anti-politics Machine: Development, Depoliticization and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fiszbein A and Schady N (2009) Conditional Cash Transfers: Reducing Present and Future Poverty. Washington, DC: Banco Mundial.
Freire P (2000) Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Nueva York: Continuum.
G-20 (2009) The G20 Toronto Summit Declaration. Toronto: G20.
Gramsci A (1992) Selections from the Prison Notebooks. Nueva York: International Publishers.
Gumede W (2005) Thabo Mbeki and the Battle for the Soul of the ANC. Ciudad del Cabo, Sudáfrica: Struik.
Habermas J (1991) The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Hall A (2008) “Brazil’s Bolsa Família: A Double-Edged Sword?” Development and Change 39(5).
Halperin MH, Siegle JT and Weinstein MM (2010) The Democracy Advantage: How Democracies Promote Prosperity and Peace. Nueva York: Routledge.
Harvey D (2005) A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Honneth A (1992) Der Kampf um Anerkennung: Zur moralischen Grammatik sozialer Konflikte. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) (2005) Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios. Brasilia: IGBE.
IBSA (India-Brazil-South Africa Dialogue Forum) (2010) Fourth Summit of Heads of State/Government Brasilia Declaration. Brasilia: IBSA, 16 de abril.
IBSA (India-Brazil-South Africa Dialogue Forum) (2011) The IBSA Fund. Brasilia: IBSA.
ILO (International Labor Organization) (2009) Child Labor and Responses in South Asia. Ginebra: ILO.
Khan S (2010) “Provision of Sustainable and Liveable Low Income Human Settlements in the Province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa,” Congreso Mundial de la AIS, Gotemburgo, Suecia.
Klein N (2007) The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism. Nueva York: Henry Holt.
Korzeniewiscz RP and Moran TP (2009) Unveiling Inequality: A World-Historical Perspective. Nueva York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Kuznets S (1955) “Economic Growth and Income Inequality,” American Economic Review 45 (1): 1-28.
Leibbrandt M, Woolard I, Finn A and Argent J (2010) “Trends in South African Income Distribution and Poverty since the Fall of Apartheid,” OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers 101.
Lipset SM (1994) “The Social Requisites of Democracy Revisited,” American Sociological Review 59 (1): 1-22.
Mignolo W (2000) Local Histories/Global Designs: Coloniality, Subaltern Knowledges, and Border Thinking. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Miraftab F and Wills S (2005) “Insurgency and Spaces of Active Citizenship: The Story of Western Cape Anti-eviction Campaign in South Africa,” Journal of Planning Education and Research 25: 200-217.
NREGA (National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) (2005), The Gazette of India, 7 September.
Overdorf J (2011) “Killing India’s Right to Information Law: India’s Most Vital Tool for Fighting Corruption Is Bleeding From a Thousand Cuts,” Global Post, 15 February.
Pateman C (1970) Participation and Democratic Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Przeworski A, Alvarez ME, Cheibub JA and Limongi F (2000) Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950-1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Reis E (2005) “Perceptions of Poverty and Inequality among Brazilian Elites,” in: Elite Perceptions of Poverty and Inequality, edited by E Reis and M Moore. London: Zed Books, 26-56.
Roy A (2010) “Walking with the Comrades,” Outlook (India), 29 March.
RSA (Republic of South Africa) (1995) Labour Relations Act, no. 66. Pretoria: Office of the President 1877: 13 December.
Sachs W (1991) The Development Dictionary: A Guide to Knowledge as Power. London: Zed Books.
Scalon C (2011) “Desigualdade, pobreza e políticas públicas: notas para um debate,” Contemporânea 1(1).
Schulz MS (1998) “Collective Action across Borders: Opportunity Structures, Network Capacities, and Communicative Praxis in the Age of Advanced Globalization,” Sociological Perspectives 41(3): 587-616.
Schulz MS (2001) “Democracia y Cambio de los Medios en América Latina,” Perfiles Latinoamericanos 10(18): 9-28.
Schulz MS (2007) “Novas mídias, mobilização transnacional e as reestruturações das esferas públicas,” Civitas - Revista de Ciências Sociais 7(2): 108-128.
Sharma S (2011) “IBSA to Take Up Nontariff Barriers, Investments,” The Tribune (India), 21 October.
Sjoblom D and Farrington, J (2008) The Indian National Rural Employment Guarantee Act: Will it Reduce Poverty and Boost the Economy? London: ODI.
Soares FV, Perez Ribas R and Guerreiro Osório R (2007) ”Evaluating the Impact of Brazil’s Bolsa Família: Cash Transfer Programmes in Comparative Perspective,” International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG), Evaluation Note 21.
Solt F (2009/2011). “Standardizing the World Income Inequality Database,” Social Science Quarterly 90(2): 231-242. SWIID Version 3.1.
Stedile, JP (2009) “The Neoliberal Agrarian Model in Brazil,” Monthly Review 58(9).
The Economist (2006) “India’s Naxalites: A Spectre Haunting India: Maoist Rebels Are Fighting a Brutal Low-level War with the Indian State,” The Economist, 17 August.
UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) (2011) Human Development Report. New York: UNDP.
UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) India (2011) Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index for India’s States. New Delhi: UNDP India.
Webster E (2010) “The Dilemma of Militancy: Worker Responses to the Economic Crisis in South Africa,” ISA World Congress of Sociology, Gothenburg.
Wood G and Dibben P (2008) “The Challenges Facing the South African Labour Movement: Mobilization of Constituencies in a Changing Context,” Relations Industrielles/Industrial Relations 63(4).
World Bank (2011) World Development Indicators. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Yúdice G (2003) The Expediency of Culture: Uses of Culture in the Global Era. Durham: Duke University Press.
Zikode S (2010) “When the Poor Become Powerful Outside of State Control,” Pambazuka News: Pan-African Voices for Freedom and Justice 504.
Enlaces de Referencia
- Por el momento, no existen enlaces de referencia
Copyright (c) 2015 Markus S. Schulz
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Revista Horizontes Sociológicos. ISSN 2346-8645. Web: http://aass.org.elserver.com/ojs/index.php/hs/index